Apnea - Cessation of breathing for 10 or more seconds during sleep. There are two basic types of sleep apnea: Obstructive Apnea is
caused by a closure of the air passage despite efforts to breathe; Central Apnea is a lack of effort to breathe. Obstructive Sleep
Apnea is by far the most common type. True apnea during wakefulness is extremely rare.

Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - The flow of stomach acid upwards into the esophagus, which can cause arousals and disrupt
sleep.

Insomnia - Difficulty with falling asleep or staying asleep.

Narcolepsy - A sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and an
abnormal tendency to pass directly into REM sleep from wakefulness. It was recently found to be caused by an abnormal gene in the
brain.

Restless Legs Syndrome - The sleep disorder characterized by tingling, creeping, crawling, or aching sensation in the legs that
tends to occur when an individual is not moving. There is an almost irresistible urge to move the legs that relieve the sensations.
Inability to remain at rest can result in severe sleep disturbance.

Snoring - Sounds made during sleep caused by breathing vibrations in the pharynx. In the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea,
snoring volume and frequency of occurrence often correlate with the severity of the condition. Snoring noise is recorded in both
diagnostic sleep studies and CPAP titration studies.tic sleep studies and CPAP titration studies.

(For more information on these conditions, click here to take our Sleep Quiz)